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Medical Community Articles and StudiesMedical Community Articles About Ultrasound TherapyUniversity of Iowa - Ultrasound is the Best Form of Heat Treatment for Soft Tissue Injuries. Psychology Today - Painful Muscular Condition Responds to Noninvasive Ultrasound Treatment. New England Journal of Medicine - Ultrasound Therapy for Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder. Journal of Athletic Training - Ultrasound Treatments Raise Muscle Temperature. American Academy of Family Physicians - Ultrasound Therapy for Calcific Tendinitis of the Shoulder. Canadian Medical Association Journal - .The effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy on time to fracture healing: a meta-analysis. American Family Physician - Ultrasound effective in treating carpal tunnel syndrome. National Institue of Health - Ultrasound Effective at Aiding Tendon Healing. Podiatry Today - New Research Emerges On Benefits Of Ultrasound Use. British Medical Journal - Ultrasound Treatments Effective For Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Radiological Society of North America - Noninvasive Ultrasound Treatment Shrinks Fibroids. Science Daily - Jefferson Researchers Find That Ultrasound Helps In Treating Achilles Tendonitis And Other Tendon Problems. Technical Studies About Ultrasound TherapyThe body of scientific knowledge characterizing the positive bioeffects of ultrasound is rapidly accumulating.... General Review of the Bioeffects of Ultrasound Baker KG, Robertson VJ, Duck FA. A Review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Biophysical. Effects. Phys Ther. 2001; 81:1351-1358. Link Barnett SB, Ter Haar GR, Ziskin MC, Nyborg WL, Maeda K, Bang J. Current Status of Research on Biophysical Effects of Ultrasound. Ultrasound in Med. And Biol., Vol., 20, No. 3, pp. 205-218, 1994. Link Robertson VJ, Baker KG. A Review of Therapeutic Ultrasound: Effectiveness Studies. Phys Ther. 2001; 81:1339-1350. Link Increased Nerve RegenerationCrisci AR, Ferreira AL. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerates the regeneration of the sciatic nerve after neurotomy in rats. Lazar DA, Curra FP, Mohr B, McNutt LD, Kliot M, Mourad PD. Acceleration of recovery after injury to the peripheral nervous system using ultrasound and other therapeutic modalities. Paik NJ, Cho SH, Han TR. Ultrasound therapy facilitates the recovery of acute pressure-induced conduction block of the median nerve in rabbits. Muscle Nerve. 2002 Sep;26(3):356-61 Link Mourad PD, Lazar DA, Curra FP, Mohr BC, Andrus KC, Avellino AM, McNutt LD, Crum LA, Kliot M. Ultrasound accelerates functional recovery after peripheral nerve damage. Metabolic EffectsAltland OD, Dalecki D, Suchkova VN, Francis CW. Low-intensity ultrasound increases endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase activity and nitric oxide synthesis. Suchkova V, Siddiqi FN, Carstensen EL, Dalecki D, Child S, Francis CW. Enhancement of fibrinolysis with 40-kHz ultrasound. Increased collagen repairDa Cunha A, Parizotto NA, Vidal Bde C. The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on repair of the achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus) of the rat. Demir H, Yaray S, Kirnap M, Yaray K. Comparison of the effects of laser and ultrasound treatments on experimental wound healing in rats. Improved resolution of inflammationYoung SR, Dyson M. Macrophage responsiveness to therapeutic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1990;16(8):809-16. Link Increased Tissue HealingYoung SR, Dyson M. Effect of therapeutic ultrasound on the healing of full-thickness excised skin lesions. Ultrasonics. 1990 May;28(3):175-80. Link Young SR, Dyson M. The effect of therapeutic ultrasound on angiogenesis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1990;16(3):261-9. Link Increased Membrane PermeabilityDinno MA, Dyson M, Young SR, Mortimer AJ, Hart J, Crum LA. The significance of membrane changes in the safe and effective use of therapeutic and diagnostic ultrasound. Phys Med Biol. 1989 Nov;34(11):1543-52. Review. Link Sundaram J, Mellein BR, Mitragotri S. An experimental and theoretical analysis of ultrasound-induced permeabilization of cell membranes. Biophys J. 2003 May;84(5):3087-101. Link Accelerated fibrinolysisHarpaz D. Ultrasound enhancement of thrombolytic therapy: observations and mechanisms. Harpaz D, Chen X, Francis CW, Meltzer RS. Ultrasound accelerates urokinase-induced thrombolysis and reperfusion. Am Heart J. 1994 May;127(5):1211-9. Link Harpaz D, Chen X, Francis CW, Marder VJ, Meltzer RS. Ultrasound enhancement of thrombolysis and reperfusion in vitro. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993 May;21(6):1507-11. Link Increased matrix/collagen synthesisWebster DF, Harvery W, Dyson M, Pond JB. The role of ultrasound-induced cavitation in the 'in vitro' stimulation of collagen synthesis in human fibroblasts. Ultrasonics. 1980 Jan;18(1):33-7. Link Webster DF, Pond JB, Dyson M, Harvey W. The role of cavitation in the in vitro stimulation of protein synthesis in human fibroblasts by ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1978;4(4):343-51. No abstract available. Link PhonophoresisByl NN. The use of ultrasound as an enhancer for transcutaneous drug delivery: phonophoresis. Phys Ther. 1995 Jun;75(6):539-53. Review. Link Byl NN, McKenzie A, Wond T, West J, Hunt TK. The effects of phonophoresis with corticosteroids: a controlled pilot study. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1993 Nov;18(5):590-600. Link Kozanoglu E, Basaran S, Guzel R, Guler-Uysal F. Short term efficacy of ibuprofen phonophoresis versus continuous ultrasound therapy in shoulder osteoarthritis. Swiss Med Wkly. 2003 Jun 14;133(23-24):333-8. Link Tezel A, Paliwal S, Shen Z, Mitragotri S. Low-frequency ultrasound as a transcutaneous immunization adjuvant. Vaccine. 2005 May 31;23(29):3800-7. Epub 2005 Mar 16. Link Mitragotri S. Healing sound: the use of ultrasound in drug delivery and other therapeutic applications. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2005 Mar;4(3):255-60. Review. Link Tezel A, Dokka S, Kelly S, Hardee GE, Mitragotri S. Topical delivery of anti-sense oligonucleotides using low-frequency sonophoresis. Pharm Res. 2004 Dec;21(12):2219-25. Link Mitragotri S. Sonophoresis: a 50-year journey. Drug Discov Today. 2004 Sep 1;9(17):735-6. No abstract available. Link Prausnitz MR, Mitragotri S, Langer R. Current status and future potential of transdermal drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Feb;3(2):115-24. Review. Link Mitragotri S, Kost J. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a review. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2004 Mar 27;56(5):589-601. Review. Link Tezel A, Sens A, Mitragotri S. Description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic solutes during low-frequency sonophoresis based on a modified porous pathway model. J Pharm Sci. 2003 Feb;92(2):381-93. Link Tezel A, Sens A, Mitragotri S. A theoretical analysis of low-frequency sonophoresis: dependence of transdermal transport pathways on frequency and energy density. Pharm Res. 2002 Dec;19(12):1841-6. Link Tezel A, Sens A, Tuchscherer J, Mitragotri S. Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and surfactants on skin permeability. J Pharm Sci. 2002 Jan;91(1):91-100. Link Mitragotri S, Kost J. Transdermal delivery of heparin and low-molecular weight heparin using low-frequency ultrasound. Pharm Res. 2001 Aug;18(8):1151-6. Link Tang H, Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Theoretical description of transdermal transport of hydrophilic permeants: application to low-frequency sonophoresis. J Pharm Sci. 2001 May;90(5):545-68. Link Mitragotri S. Effect of therapeutic ultrasound on partition and diffusion coefficients in human stratum corneum. J Control Release. 2001 Mar 12;71(1):23-9. Review. Link Le L, Kost J, Mitragotri S. Combined effect of low-frequency ultrasound and iontophoresis: applications for transdermal heparin delivery. Pharm Res. 2000 Sep;17(9):1151-4. No abstract available. Link Mitragotri S, Coleman M, Kost J, Langer R. Analysis of ultrasonically extracted interstitial fluid as a predictor of blood glucose levels. J Appl Physiol. 2000 Sep;89(3):961-6. Link Mitragotri S, Coleman M, Kost J, Langer R. Transdermal extraction of analytes using low-frequency ultrasound. Pharm Res. 2000 Apr;17(4):466-70. Link Mitragotri S, Kost J. Low-frequency sonophoresis: a noninvasive method of drug delivery and diagnostics. Biotechnol Prog. 2000 May-Jun;16(3):488-92. Link Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. An explanation for the variation of the sonophoretic transdermal transport enhancement from drug to drug. J Pharm Sci. 1997 Oct;86(10):1190-2. Link Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Ultrasound-mediated transdermal protein delivery. Science. 1995 Aug 11;269(5225):850-3. Link Mitragotri S, Edwards DA, Blankschtein D, Langer R. A mechanistic study of ultrasonically-enhanced transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 1995 Jun;84(6):697-706. Link Mitragotri S, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery using low-frequency sonophoresis. Pharm Res. 1996 Mar;13(3):411-20. Link Kost J, Pliquett U, Mitragotri S, Yamamoto A, Langer R, Weaver J. Synergistic effects of chemical enhancers and therapeutic ultrasound on transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 1996 Jul;85(7):670-9. Link Johnson ME, Mitragotri S, Patel A, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Synergistic effects of chemical enhancers and therapeutic ultrasound on transdermal drug delivery. J Pharm Sci. 1996 Jul;85(7):670-9. Link Mitragotri S, Ray D, Farrell J, Tang H, Yu B, Kost J, Blankschtein D, Langer R. Synergistic effect of low-frequency ultrasound and sodium lauryl sulfate on transdermal transport. J Pharm Sci. 2000 Jul;89(7):892-900. Link Kost J, Mitragotri S, Gabbay RA, Pishko M, Langer R., Transdermal monitoring of glucose and other analytes using ultrasound. Nat Med. 2000 Mar;6(3):347-50. No abstract available. Link Mitragotri S, Farrell J, Tang H, Terahara T, Kost J, Langer R. Determination of threshold energy dose for ultrasound-induced transdermal drug transport. J Control Release. 2000 Jan 3;63(1-2):41-52. Link Tezel A, Sens A, Mitragotri S. Incorporation of lipophilic pathways into the porous pathway model for describing skin permeabilization during low-frequency sonophoresis. J Control Release. 2002 Sep 18;83(1):183-8. Link Tezel A, Sens A, Tuchscherer J, Mitragotri S. Frequency dependence of sonophoresis. Pharm Res. 2001 Dec;18(12):1694-700. Link ArthritisHuang MH, Lin YS, Lee CL, Yang RC. Use of ultrasound to increase effectiveness of isokinetic exercise for shoulder osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Aug;86(8):1545-51. Link Huang MH, Tsau JC, Ding HJ, Chai CY, Yang RC. The role of mucopolysaccharide induction in treatment of experimental osteoarthritis in rats by ultrasound. Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 1997 Nov;13(11):661-70. Link Huang MH, Ding HJ, Chai CY, Huang YF, Yang RC. Effects of sonication on articular cartilage in experimental osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1997 Oct;24(10):1978-84. Link Majlesi J. Unalan H. High-Power Pain Threshold Ultrasound Technique in the Treatment of Active Myofascial Trigger Points: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Case-Control Study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:833-6. Link | Achilles Tendon Facts There are over 250,000 achilles tendon injuries each year in the US. One quarter of Achilles tendon injuries involve professional medical intervention. Males experience Achilles injuries more often than females due to higher participation in sports and genetic difference. Achilles tendonitis accounts for an estimated 11% of running injuries. 3-5% of athletes are forced to leave their sports career due to Achilles tendon overuse injuries that go untreated. Oral Medications can mask the pain but do not aid in the healing of Achilles tendonitis. Anti-inflammatories, cortisone injections, and pain killers can cause Achilles tendonitis to worsen. A fully ruptured tendon REQUIRES surgery. It will not heal on its own. Achilles tendonitis and Achilles tendinitis are the same thing. Continually using your Achilles tendon while it is injured will lead to a more serious and/or chronic injury. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |









